FAQ

Seed treatment with bio-pesticide - Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10g/kg seed. Nursery bed treatment with bio-pesticide - Trichoderma harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 50 g/sq.m.

Reduction in

• Direct subsidies to form industries, parastatals, which have direct bearing on exports Government sales of non-commercial stocks of agriculture produce at lower prices.
• Subsidy on agriculture products contingent on their incorporation in the exported p roduct subsidies to reduce cost of export marketing.
• Provision for internal transport and/or freight charges on export shipments by the Government.

Preparation of soil mixture for producing seedlings: Prepare soil mixture by mixing Neem cake @ 50kg + bio-pesticide-IIHR-Trichoderma harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 5kg /ton, can be used for producing the seedlings of Citrus. Management of nematodes in the main field: Apply 2 kg of Farm yard manure enriched with bio-pesticide- Trichoderma harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens at the time of planting and after wards apply 6 more times the same dosage of bio-agent enriched manure at 6 months interval. (For a standing crop also apply 6 more times the same dosage of bio-agent enriched manure at 6 months interval).

Management of nematodes in the main field: Apply 2 tons of farm yard manure enriched with bio-pesticide - IIHR Trichoderma harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens per acre before planting, along with 100 – 200 kg of neem or pongamia cake. Apply 100 g of neem or pongamia cake along with 2 kg of Farm yard manure enriched with bio-pesticide-IIHR-Trichoderma harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens per/m2 area for a standing crop at 6 months interval.

• Export subsidies are those subsidies provided to improve the export performance. It includes
• Sales of non-commercial stocks of agricultural products for export at prices lower than comparable process for such goods in the domestic market.
• Cost reduction measures such as subsidies to reduce the cost of marketing goods for export; this can include for example, upgrading and handling costs and the costs of international freight.
• Internal transport subsidies applying only to exports, such as those designed to bring exportable produce to one central point for shipping; and
• Subsidies on incorporated products, i.e. subsidies on agricultural products such as wheat contingent on their incorporation in export products such as biscuits.

Preparation of soil mixture for producing seedlings: Prepare 1 ton of soil mixture by mixing Neem cake @ 50kg and a bio-pesticide- Trichoderma harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens 5kg can be used for producing the seedlings of Citrus. Management of nematodes in the main field: Apply 200 g of neem/pongamia cake or 25 g bio-pesticide-IIHR-Trichoderma harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens per pit at time of transplanting and the same dosage per tree after every 4 months of planting or Apply 100 g of neem or pongamia cake along with 2 kg of Farm yard manure enriched with bio-pesticide-IIHR-Trichoderma harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens at the time of planting and after words apply 4 more times the same dosage of bio-agent enriched farm yard manure at 6 months interval. (For a standing crop also apply 4 more times the same dosage of oil cake and bio-agent enriched farm yard manure at 6 months interval).

Apply 2 kg of Farmyard manure enriched with Trichoderma harzianum or Pseudomonas fluorescens at the time of planting and afterwards apply 3 more times the same dosage of bio-agent enriched manure at 3 months interval OR Apply neem cake (@ 200 g/plant) and carbofuran (@ 20 g/plant) while planting and after wards apply 3 more times the same dosages at 3 months interval.

Developed country members are required to reduce their subsidized exports (the base-period volume) by 21 per cent over a period of six years (in equal annual steps) and also the corresponding budgetary outlays for export subsidies by 36 per cent. Developing country members are required to reduce their subsidized exports by 14 per cent over a period of ten years with respect to volumes and 24 per cent to budgetary outlays for export subsidies in the same period.

Eucrostus sp, Argyroploce aprobola and Euproctis fraterna attack mango inflorescence and if not controlled cause heavy loss. at early panicle emergence give sprays of Endosulfan 0.07%.

It is the World Trade Organization, which is the governing body for the new global trade order in the post GATT period, that came into force from 15th April 1995. A total of 147 countries are the signatories of this organization. The important provisions under this are

• Agreement on Agriculture

1. 1.  Market access
   2.  Domestic Support
   3.  Export competition

• Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs)
• Trade Related Investment measures (TRIMs)
• Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary measures (SPS)

At IIHR, the successful control of hoppers was achieved by integrating chemical insecticide and those of botanical origin depending on hopper density. According to this schedule, the first spray should be given at early panicle emergence (before flower opening) with the following: a) At high hopper density (.> 4 hoppers/panicle) spray imidacloprid 0.005% or Lambda cyhalothrin 0.0025%. b) At low hopper density (< 4 hoppers/panicle) spray azadirachtin 3000 ppm 2 ml/l or Azadrachtin 10,000 ppm 1 ml/l. The second spray should be at pea-size fruit size with imidacloprid. Insecticides affect pollinators of mango such as Apis florea F., Eristalinus arvorum F and certain calliphorids. So it is good to avoid sprays during peak bloom.

Number of leaves and Plant girth (Co-efficient of determination (R2 ) 88 %) with optimum values as 8 leaves and 15.07 cm were the best indicators of crop yield.

Bacillus thuringiensis, popularly called Bt is a ubiquitous soil bacterium that produces insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry proteins), which are toxic to many orders of insects. The cry genes have been engineered into many crop plants to protect them against insect pests.

Plant girth and Number of leaves (R2 89 %) with optimum values as 34.5 cm and 12 leaves were the best indicators of crop yield.

• Swarms of adults are commonly seen hovering in mango groves and sitting on all plant parts.
• Hoppers excrete honeydew, which covers the inflorescence, leaves and fruits encouraging growth of sooty mold.
• Enormous numbers of nymphs are found clustering on the inflorescence during spring, sucking the sap. The infested flowers shrivel, turn brown and ultimately fall off.