Sample Heading

Sample Heading

FAQ

Yes, waxing is useful for extending the storage life of fruits like citrus, apple and pomegranate.

Spray deltamethrin 2.8 EC 1ml/l for managing adults, triazophos 40 EC 1.5 ml/l or profenophos 50 EC 1.5 ml/l followed by pongamia oil 10ml/l or Neem kernel extract 40 g/l against nymphs and eggs. Install yellow sticky traps

Losses in fruits occur at field level, wholesale market level and at retail levels. The PHL at these stages are given below for mango, banana, pomegranate, pineapple and grapes in different states. The losses vary with the type of marketing channel used. The economic losses are much less than the physical PHL

 

Estimated Post harvest losses in Fruits  (%)

 

Crops

Field Level

Market Level

Retail Level

Total Loss

Mango

Banganapalli

15.59

8.89

5.25

29.73

Totapuri

2.20

5.13

11.14

18.47

Pomegranate

9.86

10.10

15.48

35.44

Pineapple

2.19

18.82

10.67

31.68

Banana

Poovan

3.90

7.41

7.45

18.76

Ney Poovan

7.82

1.77

8.72

18.31

Chakrakeli

1.01

2.00

1.85

4.86

 

Source : Gajanana, T.M., D. Sreenivasa Murthy and M. Sudha, 2003. Final Report of the ICAR Net work Project on Marketing and Assessment of Post harvest losses in  fruits and vegetables in India, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore

Yes, for only short term storage.  Quick releasing type of grapeguard could be used for storing the grapes at room temperature.  The optimum temperature for long term storage of grapes.  Using grape guard is 1 to 2°C.

n Kerala, it would cost about Rs. 68,000 and Rs.1.38 lakh  to establish 1000 dendrobium and terrestrial orchids respectively. The cost of  production works out to Rs.6.34 per stem for dendrobium and Rs.9.04 per stem for terrestrials. Local market sale and selling to distant market florists in Mumbai, Delhi, Baroda and Kolkata are the major marketing channels for orchids. Selling to distant market florists is more remunerative than sale to local buyers though it involves an additional expenditure of around Rs.2.5 per spike to sell in the distant market.  The price realized varied from Rs.16 to Rs.17 per stem thereby indicating the profitability of cultivation of orchids of both the types. Orchids are also exported to the Netherlands, Germany and Australia.

<p>This is caused by a tiny mite viz, Aceria jasmini, which feeds between epidermal, layers resulting in severe malformation. Spraying the crop with triazophos 40 EC 1.5 ml/l can effectively control this. Alternatively, spray wettable sulphur 80 WP 3g/l followed by pongamia oil 10ml/l.</p>
 

This damage is caused by 3 types of bud borers during monsoon period. For effective control of these pests spray profenofos 50 EC 1.5 ml/l or methyl parathion 50 EC 1ml/l or triazophos 40 EC 1.5 ml/l for reducing larval population.

The hot water treated fruits can be stored at low temperature after surface cooling the fruits to room temperature.

It costs about Rs.49,000 in Karnataka and Rs.55,000 in Kerala to cultivate 1000 anthurium plants. The fixed costs (amortized establishment cost, rental value of land, depreciation etc) accounts for about 70 per cent of the cost of cultivation. With an average of 607 flowers per plant, the cost of production works out to Rs.10 and 9 per stem. The price realized by the growers would be higher by Rs.1-2/stem thereby indicating that anthurium cultivation is profitable despite its capital intensive nature in both the states.

An effective control method for this pest is to spray oxydemeton methyl 25 EC or dimethoate 30 EC 2ml/l followed by sprays of pongamia kernel extract 40 g/l or neem oil 10ml/l. In case of heavy infestations spray imidaclopid 200 SL 0.4 ml/l. Crossandra

An amount of Rs.1.29 lakh and Rs.1.31 lakh would be required to establish around 1000 plant sin Karnataka and Kerala respectively. Seedlings account for more than 70 per cent of the establishment cost followed by anthurium house, pots.

Storing the fruits at optimum low temperature is the most effective method for long term storage of fruits and methods like waxing, packing in flexible films, use of ethylene absorbents could be used for short term storage of fruits at room temperature.

<p>Small orange coloured maggots known as midges are present at base and feed on the growing buds resulting in rotting, which can be managed effectively by application of acephate 75 SP 1.5 g/l or imidaclopid 200 SL 0.4 ml/l or triazophos 40 EC 1.5 ml/l at 15 days interval.</p>
 

Both in Kerala and Karnataka, non-availability and high cost of planting material were the major constraints in production of anthuriums. As regards marketing, local market is not reliable. Besides, transport related problems like non-availability of cargo space and high air freight, credit realization from the distant market florists are the major marketing problems.

The optimum temperature for storage of papaya is 18-20°C and it could be stored for 2 to 3 weeks depending on the variety and maturity at harvest.